Varicose veins - the pathology of the peripheral vein wall, accompanied by the failure of the valve and the violation of the local blood flow.Changed vessels appear to be extended, winding, bloated in the form of shallow nodes appear.The main part of the lesion is the lower leg vein.The first complaint of the patient may be limited to cosmetic defects in the form of vascular nets.Against the background of the development of the disease, the severity of the feet and seizures combine. Varicose veins, as a rule, often disturb women.The most common localization is the subcutaneous vein, slightly less often - the hips.There is a group of factors that cause the pathology of the vascular wall: from external influences, ending with a genetic tendency.It is worth it to recognize the causes of varicose veins in the feet.
The cause of varicose veins
Against the background of valve disruption and increased blood flow, there is a continuous expansion of vascular lumen.The composition of the vein wall includes connective tissue, which, with excessive stretching, cannot decrease to the original.Symptoms of varicose veins from the affected veins from the lower leg progress: the blood moving along the vessels is subject to stagnation, putting greater pressure on them.This, in turn, leads to a violation of the surrounding tissue trophism.
Basis
The causes of varicose veins are plentiful and can be combined with each other.The main factors include:
- Features of physical activity.Varicose veins are often found in men involved in continuous weight lifting (mover).People who are related to prolonged positions in their feet (hairdressers), sitting positions (office workers) are also subject to illness.
- Obesity.It applies to excess weight.
- Hormone changes.For example, the cause of varicose veins in women is a decrease in vascular tone during pregnancy against the background of progesterone production, taking active hormone drugs.
- Descent.There are cases of heritage structure structure of connective tissue, which increases the likelihood of maintaining varicose veins.
Secondary
Both lifestyle features and some types of diseases can exacerbate venous blood flow.The secondary cause of varicose veins:
- Unknown shoes, symptoms of varicose veins in women (severe feet, cramps, vascular mesh) - due to frequent walking in high heels.
- The clothes are too tight.
- Irrational sports (raising bars).
- Diseases of internal organs and veins-varicose veins due to severe chronic cardiovascular failure.
- Arteriovenous shunts are the transfer of arterial blood pathology to the vein.
- The education pressed on the surrounding ship.
- Pressure, due to general disruption of arterial tone and veins.
Phase
Varicosis at the lower leg is not at the same time pathological, but the process of development is gradually.In medical practice, several types of classifications are used.
The simplest and most universal stock of 3 degrees:
- Compensation - Small cosmetic defects without complaints.
- Subcompensted - the development of stagnation, the development of classical symptoms.
- Decompensation - participating in varicose vein complications.
Demand among experts is a clinical classification developed in 2000. Varicose veins on the feet include 4 stages:
- Subcutaneous or intradermal vein vein, is not accompanied by a violation of venous blood discharge.
- Segmental varicose veins with the release of venous blood into the lower leg vein (shallow).
- Vast varicose veins with the same release as in the previous stage.
- The release of venous blood into a deep vessel.
Symptom
The clinical course of varicose veins directly depends on the level of the disease.In the early stages, the complaints were only related to external defects in the form of vascular nets and stars on the feet.The following symptoms are then consolidated:
- Varicose veins, appearance of vascular subcutaneous nodes.
- Feeling gravity, rapid foot fatigue.
- Swelling of the lower leg, often as symmetrical.
- The pain syndrome, until seizures, is especially expressed at the end of the day.
Varicose veins, if you do not start treatment, can continue to cause metabolic disorders in the surrounding tissue.Initially, this will appear in the form of dryness, pigmentation of the skin.In the decomposition phase, trophic ulcers appear, which is difficult to recover.
Which doctor is involved in the treatment of varicose veins
If the symptoms appear, the suspicion of the presence of varicose veins in the feet, you should consult a specialist.The specialist will determine the severity of the disease and prescribe conservative treatment.In the event of an indication of surgery, the doctor directs the patient to the vascular surgeon.
Diagnostics
To establish the facts of the disease, there is a very common examination by a doctor.To explain the level of varicose veins and determination of therapeutic tactics, this research method uses:
- Clinical blood tests, biochemistry - included in the standard minimum.
- Ultrasound dopplerography is the assessment of vessel patency, a general state of blood flow.
- The ultrasound duplex scanning - combines standard tissue ultrasound.
- Revasography is an assessment of limb hemodynamic levels.
- Angiography is an invasive radiological study based on the introduction of contrast material into vessels.
Treatment
Varicose veins in the feet are pathologies in the struggle in which an integrated approach is needed.The type of treatment depends on the level of the disease.In the early stages, they are limited to prescription drugs and non -invasive procedures.With the development of varicose veins, they use surgery.
Medicine
Some drugs can be considered not only as part of conservative therapy, but also as a preventive drug to prevent varicose veins or their complications.Means are produced in several forms: ointment, gel for external use, tablets, capsules.Taking any medication should be agreed with your doctor.Pain in the legs, swelling with varicose veins - symptoms that successfully lend to conservative therapy in the early stages.Basically use medicines with tonic, anticoagulants, moderate anti -anti -anticipation effects.Treatment, as a rule, begins with the following local influence:
- With sodium heparin.
- Combined.
Procedure
The treatment of varicose veins in the lower leg is based on the following mechanisms: increasing regional blood flow through physical activity, artificial narrowing of blood vessels using external compression, or complete overlap of the affected vein lumen.
Non -invasive method:
- Therapeutic gymnastics.
- Wear compression knitwear.
Invasive Procedure:
- Sclerotherapy.It is based on the introduction of materials with sticky properties.The blockage vessels are turned off from the amount of blood flow.Manipulation is indicated by the early symptoms of varicose veins from the lower leg.Not suitable for removing too large nodes.
- Ozonotherapy.By principle, it is similar to the previous methodology.The introduction of ozone helps in the fight against the stars of the vascular star.
A folk method
The use of this category fund requires compulsory conversations with the attending physician.People's recipes can reduce the symptoms of varicose veins, but do not completely cure.For this reason, they should be considered only as an additional agent.
Examples of recipes:
- Put 3 apples in boiling water, cover with lid and leave for 4 hours in hot conditions.Drink softened apples, leave in a pan, mix.Tension.Add honey (1 tbsp of spoon) to the solution produced before use).Take half a person before eating.
- Ointment with horse chestnut.Propors - 5 chestnuts, 5 tablespoons, 500 ml of base (vegetable oil or petroleum jelly).Roll the raw material, mix all the components.Put it in a water bath, keep it no more than 3 hours.Tension.
Surgical
Surgical treatment is a choice in cases where therapeutic methods fight varicose veins.Currently, several surgical techniques have been developed in different levels of invasiveness.Type of procedure in increasing surgical intervention volume:
- Freezing laser ships.It is divided into endovasal and touch without touch.In the first case, we are talking about the installation of laser coagulator in the lumen of the vessel affected under local anesthesia, in both on the use of laser without violating the integrity of the skin.The purpose of the methodology is to "unpack" the affected area.Suitable for cases when varicose veins do not exceed 10 mm in diameter.
- Flebectomy.It is a radical surgical method to eliminate varicose veins.This treatment is based on the direct removal of the affected vessel.It is done under general anesthesia in operating conditions.
Complication
What is the varicose vein on the feet?It was originally a low -simpomic disease, full of serious complications during it.It should be noted that swollen veins are a potential threat to general health.
Phlebitis
It is inflammation of the vein wall.Flbbbitis is caused by excessive stretching and, as a result, microtrauma in the inner layer of the vessel.It is the most common complication of varicose veins located on the feet.As a rule, symptoms are indicated asymmetric.The first complaint that can be suspected is the appearance of tedious pain, increasing as it is touched to the affected area.Inflammatory places are compacted, skin becomes hyperemic, warm connected.With the development of acute phlebitis, the pain becomes burning, inaccessible, the lid on the sick place takes a bright red color.
Thrombophlebitis
The specified varicose vein complications arise, as a rule, follow the previous one.The mechanism of occurrence is the formation of blood clots in the area of veins.Trombus flotting is very dangerous.One part is prescribed to the vascular wall, and the other changes independently on the lumen in the bloodstream.The "tail" is formed from the risk of the vein that is influenced to tear itself and depart for the heart.Symptoms of lower leg vein thrombophlebitis are similar to signs of phlebitis.Hyperthermia, chills and weaknesses can also join them.Given the potential of the danger of such a situation, before this complaint, you should consult your doctor as soon as possible.
Phlebotrombosis
The complications of varicose veins are caused by thrombus hit into the lumen of the veins.Symptoms directly depend on the location of the blood clot.If, for example, it has been formed at the calf muscle level, the feeling of rupture will be interrupted, the swelling will spread to the ankle.Edema and pain syndrome are distributed throughout the lower limbs when the blood board enters the vein network at the abdominal cavity level.Phlebotrombosis is often difficult to diagnose.Symptoms of varicose vein complications often have a clinical picture, and the pathology shows that it is in the form of any life-threatening condition.With timely detection of complications, doctors can apply not only to conservatives, but also in surgical treatment.
Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery (lungs
The bloodstream, which was torn from the vein wall, moved to the right side of the heart, then pushed to the pulmonary artery, causing the blockage of its branches.Depending on the caliber of the affected vessel, the pathological flow varies from asymptomatic to acute, lightning fast.Signs:
- Self -breathing - The patient "catches" the air with his mouth, like fish.
- Tachycardia.
- Algic syndrome is characterized by pain like a heart attack.
- General weakness.
- Increased temperature to subfebrile numbers (37-38 ° C).
- Blue skin, iron shade.
- Cough.
- Affirm.
The result of this varicose vein is a life that is threatening and requires emergency measures.Treatment is carried out in the Resuscitation Department.In addition to the above complications, other consequences of varicose veins may occur:
- Trophic ulcer is one of their latest symptoms of varicose veins.
- Bleeding from broken veins.
- Dermatitis.
Prevention
The disease can be warned even before symptoms of varicose veins have appeared.Steps -Prevention Steps include:
- Distribution of competent physical activity.It is recommended to walk alternatives with seating.With a high tendency to varicose veins, it does not include severe cargo increases, work related to prolonged position in the foot.
- Wear comfortable shoes and clothes.The height of the heel allowed does not exceed 4 cm.
- Weight loss.Normal weight is an indicator that reduces the likelihood of varicose veins.
- The use of compression knitwear (as prescribed by a doctor).In the event of severity, fatigue in the foot against the background of physical activity, work related to prolonged position, we talk about the first compression laundry.
- Foot massage (only in the absence of clear varicose veins).Can be done independently.
What is varicose veins?This is the stretch of peripheral vein walls, a more related to lifestyle features.In the early stages, it created an "harmless" illusion.However, underestimating the hatred of varicose veins is full of complications that are difficult to eliminate.With the help of simple preventive measures, you can prevent not only the pathology itself, but also avoid dangerous consequences.